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DRAWINGS
A set of drawings is not always needed to build a house. However, drawings are useful to discuss and explain layouts or our ideas to others. Sometimes they are required to apply for financing, to obtain technical advice from a city building department, or to build public buildings such as schools. Therefore for several reasons it may be necessary to put our ideas on paper.
THE PLAN OF A HOUSE OR BUILDING
There are three basic ways to represent a building design in drawings
* the view of a house when cut horizontally through the walls at a given height.
* the view of a house when cut through vertically.
* the view of a house when seen from the front or side.
These drawings must show sufficient details to know exactly which steps to follow during construction. The sizes and dimensions of each space and building part must be clearly indicated. On the elevation drawings and the sections, show the heights and dimensions for the floors, roofs, windows and stairs, and provide descriptions of the construction materials.
More detailed drawings are required for the builder. These are called working drawings. They contain the location and description of the water and piping distribution system with its fixtures (sinks, showers, taps) and the electrical and wiring system with. its components (switches, light outlets).
The drawings of a house are drawn at a reduced size and have a scale. A scale is used to create a relationship between the drawing and the real building where the proportions stay the same. For example, if the real window size is one meter high, it is drawn on paper as one centimeter. This scale is one to a hundred (1:100). In other words, when using this size scale, every centimeter on the drawing is equal to one meter of the building.
The types of building materials are also described on the drawings.
* The elevations show the locations of doors and windows and all other project constructions and components that are seen from the exterior.
SITE PLAN
A site plan is another type of drawing. it shows the buildings and houses of an area, and the location of the surrounding elements including streets, streams and parks. The site plan uses symbols to indicate the manmade structures and the natural elements on the property or in the town, such as the ones below.
building
highway
house
bridge
street
borders
railroad
ducts
river
hill
meadow
trees
HOUSE FORM
In rural zones with hot climates where people spend most of their time outdoors, the roof often covers only two areas of the house: the kitchen area and the bedrooms. The bathroom is sometimes located outside. The interior walls are usually made with the same materials as the exterior walls, but are thinner and lighter. Built-in floor-to-ceiling cabinets or closets are sometimes used as room dividers. The entrance doors face the street or, in hotter climates, they are orientated towards the prevailing wind direction to cool the interior spaces when they are open.
HOW TO DESIGN A HOUSE
The following article explain how to make a plan of a house and to combine all the necessary spaces.
There are three basic layouts:
1. Living room with a kitchen at the back
or
2. With kitchen on the side
Note: The drawings only show the walls at half the full height, as if the house were under construction, in order to better understand the location of the door openings.
The third layout shows a roof covering the central area between kitchen and living room. This open room can be used as an area to have meals and as shelter in the long periods of rain.
Using the first layout (1), extend the roof towards the back to create a covered area protected from sun and rain.
Using the second layout (2), there are two ways of providing more sheltered space:
* In front
* On the side
Using the same basic layout, add a bathroom:
* By extending the side walls, you can design a house with two bedrooms.
A further step would be to provide a separate kitchen by dividing the cooking area from the living room.
* Separate the living room from the bedrooms and add a covered outside area, such as a veranda.
Note: The windows are not shown on these drawings. Their locations depend on the orientation of the rooms to sunlight and wind direction.
Actually every successful space layout should be different, since every design is based on a set of unique conditions, including climate, landscape, vegetation, size of family and their lifestyle, available construction materials and regional construction techniques.
Rectangularly shaped rooms are easy to build and furnish. On the other hand, irregularly shaped areas can provide pleasant surprises when moving from one room to another.
* a simple rectangularly shaped room
* a room with a large bay window to let in more sun
* an L-shaped room to enjoy the view of an old tree
* a room with a curved wall which follows the shape of the hill
The shape of a house is influenced by the land and vegetation of the site.
If the land is on a slope, place the rooms on different levels, and connect these levels with stairs.
Related spaces should be placed on the same level. Later the kitchen next to the dining area, and the bedrooms near the bathroom. On a flat site create differently shaped spaces by changing the heights of the ceilings. This improves the airflow through the house, an important consideration in humid tropical zones.
In an urban setting, where the sizes of the lots are much smaller, a house layout is often distributed on two or several storeys.
The characteristics of the spaces in a house are determined by the lifestyles of the occupants. For those who enjoy preparing meals, a good-sized kitchen is very important. Other people might like the cool night air, so their bedrooms should have a deck or terrace towards a garden, or a large balcony on an upper floor.
When working on the space layout, imagine the way of life of the future inhabitants, and consider the kind of furniture and equipment they may use in their rooms.
The most important outcome of a design is that the occupants enjoy being in their spaces. There is no need to imitate houses from the area, other regions, or cities. The home must be built to satisfy the occupants' own requirements and tastes, without necessarily seeking admiration from the neighbors.
A good layout can save space. For example, well-positioned corridors can take up less space and facilitate access to many rooms. With this saved space there is more area left to make other rooms larger, while still maintaining the overall dimensions of the house.
A set of drawings is not always needed to build a house. However, drawings are useful to discuss and explain layouts or our ideas to others. Sometimes they are required to apply for financing, to obtain technical advice from a city building department, or to build public buildings such as schools. Therefore for several reasons it may be necessary to put our ideas on paper.
THE PLAN OF A HOUSE OR BUILDING
There are three basic ways to represent a building design in drawings
* the view of a house when cut horizontally through the walls at a given height.
* the view of a house when cut through vertically.
* the view of a house when seen from the front or side.
These drawings must show sufficient details to know exactly which steps to follow during construction. The sizes and dimensions of each space and building part must be clearly indicated. On the elevation drawings and the sections, show the heights and dimensions for the floors, roofs, windows and stairs, and provide descriptions of the construction materials.
More detailed drawings are required for the builder. These are called working drawings. They contain the location and description of the water and piping distribution system with its fixtures (sinks, showers, taps) and the electrical and wiring system with. its components (switches, light outlets).
The drawings of a house are drawn at a reduced size and have a scale. A scale is used to create a relationship between the drawing and the real building where the proportions stay the same. For example, if the real window size is one meter high, it is drawn on paper as one centimeter. This scale is one to a hundred (1:100). In other words, when using this size scale, every centimeter on the drawing is equal to one meter of the building.
The types of building materials are also described on the drawings.
* The elevations show the locations of doors and windows and all other project constructions and components that are seen from the exterior.
SITE PLAN
A site plan is another type of drawing. it shows the buildings and houses of an area, and the location of the surrounding elements including streets, streams and parks. The site plan uses symbols to indicate the manmade structures and the natural elements on the property or in the town, such as the ones below.
building
highway
house
bridge
street
borders
railroad
ducts
river
hill
meadow
trees
HOUSE FORM
In rural zones with hot climates where people spend most of their time outdoors, the roof often covers only two areas of the house: the kitchen area and the bedrooms. The bathroom is sometimes located outside. The interior walls are usually made with the same materials as the exterior walls, but are thinner and lighter. Built-in floor-to-ceiling cabinets or closets are sometimes used as room dividers. The entrance doors face the street or, in hotter climates, they are orientated towards the prevailing wind direction to cool the interior spaces when they are open.
HOW TO DESIGN A HOUSE
The following article explain how to make a plan of a house and to combine all the necessary spaces.
There are three basic layouts:
1. Living room with a kitchen at the back
or
2. With kitchen on the side
Note: The drawings only show the walls at half the full height, as if the house were under construction, in order to better understand the location of the door openings.
The third layout shows a roof covering the central area between kitchen and living room. This open room can be used as an area to have meals and as shelter in the long periods of rain.
Using the first layout (1), extend the roof towards the back to create a covered area protected from sun and rain.
Using the second layout (2), there are two ways of providing more sheltered space:
* In front
* On the side
Using the same basic layout, add a bathroom:
* By extending the side walls, you can design a house with two bedrooms.
A further step would be to provide a separate kitchen by dividing the cooking area from the living room.
* Separate the living room from the bedrooms and add a covered outside area, such as a veranda.
Note: The windows are not shown on these drawings. Their locations depend on the orientation of the rooms to sunlight and wind direction.
Actually every successful space layout should be different, since every design is based on a set of unique conditions, including climate, landscape, vegetation, size of family and their lifestyle, available construction materials and regional construction techniques.
Rectangularly shaped rooms are easy to build and furnish. On the other hand, irregularly shaped areas can provide pleasant surprises when moving from one room to another.
* a simple rectangularly shaped room
* a room with a large bay window to let in more sun
* an L-shaped room to enjoy the view of an old tree
* a room with a curved wall which follows the shape of the hill
The shape of a house is influenced by the land and vegetation of the site.
If the land is on a slope, place the rooms on different levels, and connect these levels with stairs.
Related spaces should be placed on the same level. Later the kitchen next to the dining area, and the bedrooms near the bathroom. On a flat site create differently shaped spaces by changing the heights of the ceilings. This improves the airflow through the house, an important consideration in humid tropical zones.
In an urban setting, where the sizes of the lots are much smaller, a house layout is often distributed on two or several storeys.
The characteristics of the spaces in a house are determined by the lifestyles of the occupants. For those who enjoy preparing meals, a good-sized kitchen is very important. Other people might like the cool night air, so their bedrooms should have a deck or terrace towards a garden, or a large balcony on an upper floor.
When working on the space layout, imagine the way of life of the future inhabitants, and consider the kind of furniture and equipment they may use in their rooms.
The most important outcome of a design is that the occupants enjoy being in their spaces. There is no need to imitate houses from the area, other regions, or cities. The home must be built to satisfy the occupants' own requirements and tastes, without necessarily seeking admiration from the neighbors.
A good layout can save space. For example, well-positioned corridors can take up less space and facilitate access to many rooms. With this saved space there is more area left to make other rooms larger, while still maintaining the overall dimensions of the house.
